Phrasal Verbs About Speaking for ESL Learners

This phrasal verb feature focuses on phrasal verbs we use when talking about speaking and conversation. Obviously, using tell or say or speak, etc. is absolutely correct when relating conversations. However, if you want to stress HOW the person said something, phrasal verbs come in handy (idiombe useful). Phrasal Verbs About Speaking Negative Speaking go on: to continue to talk about a subject after the interest of the listener has been exhausted.harp on :Â  inf. to repeatedly talk about a certain subjectramble on: to talk for a long time about something which is not very interesting to the other people in the conversationrabbit on (British):Â  as aboverun on (American):Â  as above Speaking Quickly rattle off: to say a list or impressive number of facts very quicklyreel off inf.:Â  as abovewhip off inf. (American):Â  as above Interrupting butt in: to rudely enter another conversationchip in: to add a specific point to a conversation Speaking suddenly blurt out: to say something suddenly, usually without thinkingcome out with: to say something suddenly Contributing come up with: to add a new idea to a conversationto go along with: to agree with someone else Not Speaking shut up: to stop talking, often used as an imperative (very rude)break off: suddenly stop speakingclam up: to refuse to speak or become silent during a conversationdry up: run out of ideas of interesting comments, finish speaking because you dont know what to say next or have forgotten what you would like to say Speaking Rudely talk at: to talk to someone without listening to what they have to saytalk down to: to verbally treat someone in an inferior mannergo off: to speak angrily about somethingput down: to criticize someone or something Sample Paragraph WithPhrasal Verbs Last week I went to visit my friend Fred. Fred is a great guy but at times he can really go on about things. We were speaking about some of our friends and he came out with this incredible story about Jane. It seems she had butted in while he was harping on his favorite complaint: Service in restaurants. Apparently, he had been running on for quite a while putting down almost every restaurant he had been to by rattling off a list of his visits to different restaurants in town. I guess Jane felt that he was talking at her and was fed up with it. She went off about what a rude person he was which shut him up pretty quickly! I thought about blurting out that maybe she was right, but decided to clam up in order to not upset him.As you can see by using these phrasal verbs the reader gets a much better idea of the dynamics of the conversation. If the above story was reported by saying she told him, he said etc., it would be pretty boring indeed. In this way, the reader gets a real sense of the personalities of the speakers.

Descartes First Meditation - 2099 Words

Descartes First Meditation Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind, a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this foundation through the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefs, including matters which are not entirely certain and indubitable [and] those which appear to be manifestly false. (Descartes, p.75, par.3) Once Descartes clears away all beliefs that can be called into doubt, he can then build a strong†¦show more content†¦4) This thought experiment leads Descartes to another method in doubt. Descartes then goes on to assume that there is a God, who is all powerful, and created this world; yet he asks, How do I know that He has not brought it to pass that there is no ear th, no heaven, no extended body, no magnitude, no place, and that nevertheless they seem to me to exist just exactly as I know see them? (Descartes, p.76, par.5) Without a guarantee of reality, maybe all of his previous beliefs are false. Descartes doubts the supreme goodness of a God that would let him be deceived even occasionally. Moreover, if a perfect God does not exist then it becomes probable that Descartes himself is increasingly imperfect and therefore is constantly being misled. If, however, it is contrary to His goodness to have made me such that I constantly deceive myself, it would also appear contrary to His goodness to permit me to be sometimes deceived, and nevertheless I cannot doubt that he does permit this. (Descartes, p.76, par.5) Descartes assumes the scenario that God is really an evil demon. I will suppose therefore that not God, who is supremely good and the source of truth, but rather some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed al l his energies in order to deceive me. I shall think the sky, the air, the earth, colours, shapes, sounds and all external things are merely the delusions of dreams, which he has devised to ensnare myShow MoreRelatedDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1318 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophical Questions November 2, 2017 Cogito Ergo Sum Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy and his questioning of our existence in reality is a question which philosophers have tackled throughout time. Cogito ergo sum or I think therefore I am, a phrase brought about by Descartes is the backbone of his whole philosophy of our existence in reality. As long as we are thinking things, we exist. When we look at this approach to our existence we must first deny that any sensory data that we receive is believableRead MoreDescartes First Meditation Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes First Meditation Rene Descartes decision to shatter the molds of traditional thinking is still talked about today. He is regarded as an influential abstract thinker; and some of his main ideas are still talked about by philosophers all over the world. While he wrote the Meditations, he secluded himself from the outside world for a length of time, basically tore up his conventional thinking; and tried to come to some conclusion as to what was actually true and existing. In orderRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1961 Words   |  8 PagesIn Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, I will be considering if Descartes resolution to the â€Å"dreaming argument† seems acceptable to trust. The First Meditation is where the â€Å"dreaming argument† is first mentioned and then gets resolved later in the Sixth Meditation and the Objections and Replies. I will be touching on the idea that our experiences could be dreaming experiences based on personal experiences and thoughts I have had regarding this topic. Then I will go on to explain how it isRead MoreAn Analysis of Descartes’ First Meditation Essay example1448 Words   |  6 Pages13th, 2012 An Analysis of Descartes’ First Meditation In Descartes’ First Meditation, Descartes’ overall intention is to present the idea that our perceptions and sensations are flawed and should not be trusted entirely. His purpose is to create the greatest possible doubt of our senses. To convey this thought, Descartes has three main arguments in the First Meditation: The dream argument, the deceiving God argument, and the evil demon â€Å"or evil genius†. Descartes’ dream argument argues thatRead MoreEssay on Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy2121 Words   |  9 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Descartes believes that knowledge comes from within the mind. This is a single indisputable fact to build on that can be gained through individual reflection. While seeking true knowledge, Descartes writes his Six Meditations. In these meditations, Descartes tries to develop a strong foundation, which all knowledge can be built upon. In the First Meditation, Descartes begins developing this foundation throu gh the method of doubt. He casts doubt upon all his previous beliefs, including â€Å"mattersRead MoreDescartes First Three Meditations And Explain How Descartes Discovers The Foundation Of Knowledge1503 Words   |  7 Pageswill go over Descartes’ first three meditations and explain how Descartes discovers the foundation of knowledge, I will go over his problems with sensory knowledge, I will evaluate his claims, and I will present my objection to them. Descartes is very well known as the father of skepticism, which is very ironic, considering his main goal was to make a fool proof reason to believe in the existence of God. He wanted to make a case so strong, that if any atheist were to read his meditations, they wouldRead MoreBeliefs Beyond Doubt, What All Other Respond To: Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy1998 Words   |  8 PagesRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy is considered to be one of the most important works in modern philosophy. John Locke, Immanuel Kant, and countless other philosophers wrote largely in response to Descartes. Yet there are serious doubts related to the treatises major argument. In the Objections and Replies, a collection of objections to the work along with Descartes personal and often very detailed replies to said objections, the philosopher Antoine Arnauld raises the question of whetherRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy807 Words   |  4 PagesConner Ruhl Professor Copley Philosophy 1000C 4 May 2015 Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy Rene Descartes was the first great philosopher of the modern era, He had a new approach which was focused on scientific and mathematical truths. Descartes came to reject the scholastic tradition, one of which he was educated, due to his pursuit of mathematical and scientific truth. Much of Descartes work was done to secure advancement of human knowledge through the use of the natural sciencesRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1079 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout Descartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes argues for the ideas and philosophical beliefs behind skepticism. In his writings, he describes the fallibility and importance of the body of man and through extension the senses with which we observe the world. This paper will first show that within Descartes’ writings the body is an extension of the mind. Secondly, this paper will prove that the senses are a false form of understanding which leads to the deception of the mind. FinallyR ead MoreDescartes First Meditations By Rene Descartes1352 Words   |  6 PagesIn Renà © Descartes’ First Meditations, he introduces three main sceptical arguments for the possibility of doubt: illusion, dreaming and error. Descartes’ purpose in his First Meditations is to define knowledge by placing doubt on the sceptical arguments capacity to provide truth. In this essay, I will focus on the argument from dreaming. There are many objections against the argument; therefore I will assess the soundness of the argument and whether it establishes universal doubt based on the plausibility

Analytical and Empirical Method Free Essays

string(32) " use and significant knowledge\." How to conduct heuristic evaluation? 5 Advantages5 Disadvantages6 Empirical Method (Usability Testing)7 What is Usability Testing? 7 How to conduct a usability testing? 7 Advantages of Usability Testing8 Disadvantages of Usability Testing9 Conclusion10 Task 211 Introduction11 Description of the problem11 Description of the difficulties11 Conclusion:14 References:15 Task 1 Introduction There are 4 ways mostly to evaluate user interface.Heuristic Evaluation (heuristically) by just looking at the interface and passing judgement according to one’s own view. Cognitive Walkthrough (analytical method) by some analysis procedure, Pluralistic Walkthroughs (empirically) by experiments with trial users, Feature, Consistency amp; Standards Inspection (automatically),by a programmed procedure. We will write a custom essay sample on Analytical and Empirical Method or any similar topic only for you Order Now For this assignment I have choose the usability testing for empirical method where else for analytical method I have choose heuristic method. [1] Analytical Method (Heuristic usability) What is heuristic? Heuristic evaluation is a discount usability engineering method for quick, cheap, and easy evaluation of a user interface design. † [3] In heuristic evaluation the usability issues covered are effectiveness and efficiency but do not considered the satisfaction. Quantitative Data is not collected. this method also can be conducted remotely also can be used on any system. Several evaluators independently evaluate the interface amp; come up with potential usability problems. It is important that there be several of these evaluators and that the evaluations be done independently.Nielsen’s experience indicates that around 5 evaluators usually results in about 75% of the overall usability problems being discovered. Heuristic Usability Principals Here I am going to explain more and have a closer look at what condition are needed to evaluate interfaces. Basically the evaluation is easier than design. The principles are the basic points that drive design and drive evaluation as well. The principals are: 1. Visibility of system status The application should always keep user on track and well known on which section of the application they are.This can avoid confusion and user can get the information easily without consuming more time. 2. Match between system and the real world. The relationship between two things, in most cases the mapping from digital world to real world. Metaphors and analogies 3. User control and freedom User should be informed what the system is doing and is the user on the right track, does it work the way it is suppose to work. This can prevent the user to do their activity correctly on path without having to redo all again. The application also should support undo and redo.The system should confirm with the user before take any action on the application, so user can exit immediately from new actions that risk them. 4. Consistency and standards An application should have a standard platform convention like the symmetry of the interface. Is it symmetrical? (Left-Right, Top-Bottom, Center). This includes also the wording to access the application example for navigation bar. The â€Å"Home† button should be same for all pages. It should not been changed to other type of looks (symbol or font) at other page when user access to it. 5. Error prevention The text message for error prevention should convey a message to user while they are currently on the application and risky to faulty. User can understand what the error message is about and prevent the faulty happen before they proceed to the next step. 6. Recognition rather than recall Using symbols that make user feel ease to recognize, remember and think what is the use of the button. The colour contrast also effect attention and focus where the user has been explored on the application. It also is to make user more focus and remember what they did.User also might convey the color for pink †¦ it’s a girl and blue †¦ it’s a boy. This would not affect user memory load. 7. Flexibility and efficiency of use This refers to the perceived and actual properties of the â€Å"thing† that determine just how the â€Å"thing† could be used for new user that never been using that application. The appearance of the â€Å"thing† tells them how to use it. If the system is understandable, neither expert nor inexperienced can easily use the application. 8. Aesthetic and minimalist design The application should display the important and description for the point it is focusing on. The application should not display unnecessary information which will only cause the information traffic on the application. A special consideration for standards graphics and design are enough to make user comfortable when using the application. 9. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors The error text must not be too long or too short. It should be simple and precisely organized to make sure the user understand the faulty they have done and they can correct the error based on the solution given in the error message. 10. Help and documentationThere might be possibilities that user don’t need any help and documentation while or after using an application, but there is the chances for user to document the information and get the help if there are lost. This should be considered to ensure user get fully access and satisfied after exit the application. The application must make the user easy to find the information they are looking for focusing on their task and help should provide the step they should pursue. How to conduct heuristic evaluation? Heuristic evaluation by Nielson is a method used by researchers to find usability problems in interfaces designed for use by public.The heuristic evaluation process starts from questions a small number of users, called evaluators, to complete a set of pre-programmed tasks usually related with using the interface. As summary basically the evaluation will be : * Obtain the service of 4, 5 or 6 usability experts, questions a set of pre-programmed tasks usually related with using the interface. * Each expert will perform an independent evaluation, answer question related to interface * Give experts a heuristics inspection guide, is followed from Nielsen’s ten usability principles (Nielse n, Jakob 1994). Collect the individual evaluations, which are answered in subsequent iterative sketch of the interface for better simplicity of use and significant knowledge. You read "Analytical and Empirical Method" in category "Papers" * Bring the experts together and do a group heuristic evaluation. (Optional) Advantages Quick and relatively inexpensive feedback to designers can be provided by this method. Response can be obtained early in the design process. Conveying the correct heuristic can help suggest the best corrective measures to designers. * Cheaper comparative to other assessment method. * Spontaneous and simple to encourage potential evaluators to use the method * No advance planning required Formal usability training is not required for evaluators. Professional computer programmers and computer science students are used in Nielsen and Molich * Can be used early in the growth process * Quicker revolve time than laboratory testing Disadvantages Applying heuristics effectively need a good knowledge and skill. Usability experts sometime hard to find and can be pricey. Multiple evaluators are recommended and results must be aggregated. Minor issues and fewer major issues can be detected through these evaluations. * Evaluators maybe just have the understanding of usability design principles, but not for usability experts.Usability experts would recognize more issues than non-experts, experts are the people who have the skill with the type of interface being evaluated, they can identified the most issues was according to Nielson. * The results from multiple evaluators must be aggregated. This is because the evaluator only can detect few issues, but if the issues combined the more precise result outcome they can gain. * Heuristic evaluations only identify lesser usability issues compare to and other discount methods may not identify as many usability issues as other usability engineering methods, for example, usability testing. Complex interfaces may not scale well for heuristic reviews. Evaluators may not find the major or serious problem the interface had if the interfaces are complex. * All the issues identified may not willingly suggest solutions for the usability issues * The evaluators are just pretend to be the user but they are not the real user. * The entire problem identified may not be the actual problem in real interface. Empirical Method (Usability Testing) What is Usability Testing? We need to use usability testing method to produce tasks professionally, efficiently and pleasingly for the user benefit.It is better to produce a pre-programme application to ensure so that any important issues can identify. Usability testing can be done at any stages of the design process. Usability testing is not an alternative for a human centred design process and appropriate techniques such as walkthroughs also can be use. Test host or the user who is going to represent for usability testing session should attend. The attendance should be at least one observer one developer and one business representative. Observers should strictly be in a separate observation room.Density of the system, the number of intended users, and budgetary constraints should be considered when doing the session. Even one test session is better than none, but if its more it will tend to discover the majority of important issues. There are two major factor should be considered when conducting a usability testing. The first is to ensure that the best possible method for testing is used. The second major consideration is to ensure that an iterative approach is used. How to conduct a usability testing? To prepare for a usability test we must identify delegate tasks.Ideally, these should derive from scenarios or use cases developed earlier in the design process. Have a clear definition of when a task is complete. We also must prepare a test schedule, book the required room, and identify representative users and invite them to attend. We will need the following materials: †¢ A formal script so that all participants are treated in the same way. †¢ A pre-evaluation questionnaire to check that your participants match the required profile. †¢ A list of tasks, together with criteria for measuring whether they have been successfully completed. Logging sheets to record timing, events, participant actions, concerns and comments. The guidelines should be followed: †¢ Run a pilot test. †¢ Ensure that participants have the option to abandon any tasks which they are unable to complete. †¢ Do not prompt participants unless it is clearly necessary to do so. †¢ Record events in as much detail as possible to the level of keystrokes and mouse clicks if necessary. †¢ If there are observers, ensure that they do not interrupt in any way. Observers formally prior to test. †¢ Be sensitive to the fact that developers may be upset by what they observe or what you report.Advantages of Usability Testing The advantages of usability testing are [5]: * Reply direct from the board audience to spot the project group * Private conversation can be done by testing the issue to see how users response to the different options being discussed * Problem and possible difficulties are stated clearly before the product is launched. The business advantages of usability testing can be seen at the end of the project: * Probability of usage and frequent usage increase * Risk of the product fault is reduce * Users are able to get what they expect, which makes business meeting its targets achievable.Benefits of using usability testing are [6]: * Reduce maintenance costs, increase user fulfilment, and save on development effort cost. * Relevance feedback helps to increase the quality experience. * Measures activities, not preference. Users like to insist what they want, but by observing and measuring behaviour, we can understand what the best for their needs and support is. * Get a competitive benefit. User with no experience can give negative impact to a website. A systematic website is expected by users, especially when the competitors of websites developer are a lot now. Focus to the major needs and the aim of the application. Disadvantages of Usability Testing Usability testing provides many benefits, but there are the disadvantages in using this methodology, which should be noted. Firstly, testing is not 100% representative of the real life scenario. Also, usability testing is mainly qualitative, so does not provide the large samples of response that a questionnaire may, but the response can be far more precise and understandable. It requires a certain level of knowledge and experience to apply the heuristics effectively. Trained usability experts are sometimes hard to find and can be expensive.Multiple evaluators are recommended and results must be aggregated. The evaluation may identify more minor issues and fewer major issues. [9] Conclusion Two common usability evaluation methods, heuristic evaluation and usability testing were analayse. Results found that heuristic evaluation performed by HCI experts revealed more general problems, while usability testing is a way to see how easy to use something is by testing it with real users. To provide the most effective and thorough usability evaluation results, a combination of usability evaluation techniques from both expert and system user perspectives is recommended. Task 2Introduction For task 2, I am going to evaluate a website from a bank which is OCBC bank. Description of the problem 1. The first problem i notice when I start to evaluate the website was the layout. the layout is merely merge to left side of the webpage. 2. The navigation bar size. It is too small. 3. The application do not provide â€Å"search† function for user to search information. 4. I didnt notice the login function,no idea where to login. The homepage there is no official login space. 5. No language selection option. 6. No register new user and login specific space at main page. 7. No sitemap to track location in application page. . The process option button and link appearance are not interesting and recognizable. 9. Once the user click any options from main page to proceed the next step,the application open new window. Description of the difficulties 1. User need to focus on the left side of the webpage whereelse it should be in the center for user to feel more comfortable when viewing webpage. The view is not standard as normal webpage. 2. The navigation bar font is too small and situated at the upper right corner of the webpage. It is not standard. These two diffrent navigation bar makes user confuse to choose which function to move in the application.Furthermore,when user click to login page,another window open and it does not have a standard navigation bar as the previous page. User will feel confuse,with diffrent thing appears. 3. The login function is not standard. There are several option to login to application. It suppose to have a official login space then allows user to choose the service they want to involve. the login space looks like advertistment and not noticable. 4. Language. User supposed can select the language they are prefereable for. But this application dont allow user to choose the language they understand.If the user dont understand,how they want to use the application. There is just the selection list of country only but not for language. 5. The application does not provide sitemap to track location of user that use the application at current time. Sitemap used to make user easy to navigate along the pages gone through. user can eesayly get back to the pages prevoiously without wasting time to find pages that they want. 6. The hyperlink should be as buttons or symbol button to make user easy to recognize and remember the direction to use the application for the next visit. . Once the user click any options from main page to proceed the next step,the application open new window.User cannot go back to the previous page because noâ€Å"back†function at the web page neither at the browser. If user want go back,user must exit the new window and restore the main page again. If user did some errors user need to repeat all the steps again. Heuristic and explanation 1. The small and not standard navigation bar is link to consistency and standards. * It suppose to gathered and user should select from a line of navigation bar. when user click to login page,another window open and it does not have a standard navigation bar as the previous page. * User feels a diffrent environment,diffrent situation word. 2. The no option for language is match between system and real world. * The system should speaks user language,word or phrase which familliar with the user. This will make user more comfortable and understand what they are doing. 3. Layout of the web which go to left side is a aesthetic and minimalist design. * User should not wonder the blank space of the webpage. It should be used to put any related information. 4. No sitemap for user location is equal with flexibility and efficiency of use. * Sitemap can help the inexperience user to go back to previous page they were to make sure they are on the correct path to do their job. 5. Error prevention which dont have â€Å"back† button,is link with user control and freedom. * This sytem dont allow users to go back. It do no support undo and redo. * User need to navigate away from the page directly and go back to main page and access again the application. 6. Uninteresting link and button to continue using the application is a recognition rather than recall heuristic. The links navigation dont give the user idea when they first see the webpage. User need to read the links and then click to continue. * The link should suppose to be icons so that whenever the user come for next visit,they will recognize the buttons and save their memory load and time. Summary A heuristic evaluation is a usability inspection helps to identify usability problems in the user interface (UI) design, As I find in the OCBC Bank website, it specifically involves me examine the interface and judge its compliance with recognized usability principles (the â€Å"heuristics†).I independently examine a user interface and judge its compliance with a set of usability principles. The result of this analysis is a list of potential usability issues or problems. The usability principles, also referred to as usability heuristics, are taken from published lists. Ideally, each potential usability problem is assigned to one or more heuristics to help facilitate fixing the problem. As more evaluators are involved, more true problems are found.But as from my view, I can list out only these usability problems and I also have stated the reasons and why it is a problem to me and also what is lacking at the webpage. How to cite Analytical and Empirical Method, Papers

Banning of Ivory Sales

Question: Discuss about banning on killing elephants? Answer: Introduction: The articles provided herein, deals with one of the most relevant topics of todays world BANNING OF IVORY SALES. Ivory obtained from elephant tasks are being sold in the market illegally and to meet this sort of illegal businesses, elephant killing is increasing day by day thereby endangering the life of the largest living mammal on land. The articles have been published by the editorial board of two leading newspapers in United States of America. The first Article has been published by the editorial board of The New York Times. It provides a brief report on the Banning of the Ivory Sales in America. Herein the Editorial Board provides that a briefing of the killing rates of elephant in Africa and the need for framing a strict law against the people who are doing offence. The second Article have been published by the Editorial Board of The Los Angeles Times. It provides a general briefing on the grounds and basic needs of Approving the bill on Ivory Sales. The Editorial Board herein speaks about the requirements for passing of the bill that would completely ban the export and import of the ivory tusk within the whole world, that is being practiced rigorously by people without any fear of being caught for doing such an offence. According to my point of view, I would like to put forward Article 1 i.e Article issued by the New York Times Editorial Board as a more eloquent and efficacious among the two for the Banning of Elephant Killing in Africa and putting a bar to the Export/Import of Ivory tusk. This Editorial Report says that the killing of elephants are increasing day by day and now the recent statics of that at least 30000 to 35000 of elephants are being killed day by day, thereby endangering the life of this species. It also herein provides that there should be a total banning of the sale of ivory tusks whether new or old, so as to completely reduce the rate of killing the elephants in Africa Review of Article 1: The Article has been published in the New York Times by the Editorial Board of the daily and was published on 17th February, 2014. The Article is titled Banning Ivory Sales in America. The author in the Article has highlighted the dwindling problem related to ivory sales and the illegal poaching on elephants to boost up their sales. In order to save the African elephants, various steps have been taken by the Government as well as the International Bodies, yet no fruitful gain has been made in this regard (The New York Times). In the inception of the Article, the author has very lucidly explained that because a widespread black market persists in the world, the poachers find it very beneficial for their financial conditions. Concrete figures have been pointed by the Author that directly point to the fact that the market rate of ivory is too high and hence, the rate at which elephants are being hunted is also rising for which it is very likely that the species shall soon become extinct if this continues. The author has also very appropriately used certain numeric figures in the Article to pin point the amount of damage that has already been done or the amount of damage that is likely to be done. Considering the number of poaching activities, and the concern it has caused to the ecological balance, steps have been taken by the Obama Administration as well. It has banned virtually all imports of ivory in any form (The New York Times). The Interior Departments Fish and Wildlife Service clearly pointed that all the imports shall be banned so that no amount of ivory that has been received after the year 1990 enters into the market of USA. The main points that the editorial board has tried to highlight is that if ivory import obtained after 1990 is stopped, then, it shall have an effect on the business strategy and may be as a result, the illegal poaching of the elephants might come to a stop. The elephants are regularly being killed so that the ivory can be sent to the international market and USA being one of the leading importers of ivory products, it is very likely that if USA stops buying products obtained after 1990, then the market shall go through a set back and hence the poaching will come down to a great extent (The New York Times). The purpose of this is to cut down the rate at which elephants are being poached simply to get benefits. Review of Article 2: The second Article has been published in The Los Angeles Times by The Times Editorial Board on 7th June, 2015. The Article is titled Editorial Assembly Bill on Ivory Sales is Worth Approving. In this Article, the researchers and the authors have maintained the view as expressed by the authors of the previous article. They also have pointed that elephants are poached mercilessly in various parts of Africa just in order to obtain the ivory and result in the species becoming endangered (Los Angeles Times). The states of California, New York, New Jersey etc have banned the business dealings with any products related to ivory. Even then, the rate of poaching has not come down considerably and the elephants are still being killed for their tusks. The Article points that the US government had passed a law that prohibited the import of ivory procures after 1990 (as stated in the previous article). But presently, focus has been shifted to stop all kinds of imports as many forgeries are being done by the traders to mark the ivory to be an old one. Statistical data has been shown by the authors who provide that in various instances, traders have resorted to stain the new ivory to give it the look of an antique (Los Angeles Times). The innocent customers under the falsified impression buy the ivory and enter into illegal dealings. There have been certain exemptions that have been planned by the Government agencies. These exemptions extend to musical instruments which have proper documentation which represents that the same was not obtained after 1975 and other exemptions relate to antique objects which have an ivory content of less than 5%. A threshold limit of six months is proposed by the bill to ensure that all dealings that are going on get finalized before July 2016. Rhetorical Analysis: In the first Article, the authors have pointed the audience to be the public at large who might be interested in ivory products and to let them know of the regulations so that they refrain from getting close to the products. But it has also been pointed that the poachers will forge the documents to prove that none of the ivory is new and that all was obtained prior to 1990. There are several exigencies associated with this. While on the one hand, there will be forged documents; there can also be a situation that illegal imports shall start taking place. Thus, it might prove to be a fatal step rather than being beneficial. On the other hand, there are positive aspects as well. The move seems to have been taken on a correct point when the number of these animals has still not entered in to the endangered category. There have been steps to ban trading with ivory to any extent within the state of New York. Thus, there shall be no confusion regarding the date on which the product is obtained. This way, control can be brought down to a larger extent. In the second Article, it has been pointed that this new measure also has certain advantages as well as certain loopholes. There were times when constitutional claims were put forth by the traders when California had planned to outlaw dealings related to shark fins. Similar claims can appear in this instance as well. But generally, the judiciary does not extend benefits in these matters (Los Angeles Times). It has been pointed by the authors that this Bill if turned into a law can help to a great extent to control the situation. But because of the exemptions, chances do not fade away that the law shall not be misused. Evaluation: On evaluating both the articles herein provided, Article 1 is more compelling and credible than Article 2. There are quite a few reasons behind choosing Article 1 as the more eloquent one in this matter. If we properly go through both the articles attached, we would find out that though article speaks of banning of ivory sales, it doesnt provides for the complete banning of it entirely within the country. It states that educational institutions and scientific research centers can be allowed to purchase ivory tusk with certain restrictions as well as owners can hold ivory tusk legally and if wishes can give it away or bequeath as there no such rules prohibiting it. Such a rule means that would completely stop the killing of the elephants. It also provides that if the bill is passed during this time, it will not be having effect before 2016, which means till then killing of elephants will continue and by that time elephants will almost reach to the number of being treated as extinct species. Article 1 is more preferable in my eyes for it claims for complete dissolution of killing of elephants thereby protecting them from being called as extinct group of animals. Article 1 says that there would be a complete ban as to the purchasing or selling of ivory tusk within the states. There should be an enforced law that would provide for complete ban unless it is seen that the holder holds an ivory tusk which is more than 100years old i.e the burden of proving that the tusk has been obtained before 1990 depends on the tusk holder and if he cannot prove it, he will be charged with an offence and will be penalized for such offence. Conclusion: The conclusion that can be drawn from the topic, BANNING ON KILLING ELEPHANTS, may be summed up in this manner. If immediate measures are not taken in respect of the business of ivory tusk that is being practiced all over the world, then it is not to far when we would get to hear that the largest land mammal have become extinct. The thesis that have been provided by article 1 should be reflected as early as possible so that we can make sure that there is no more killing of elephants in future. And strict laws should be enforced against the offenders so that people fear to kill an elephant and that they exist on this earth with no fear of being endangered. References Los Angeles Times,. 'Editorial Assembly Bill On Ivory Sales In Worth Approving'. 2015: n. pag. Print. The New York Times,. 'Banning Ivory Sales In America'. 2014: The Opinion Pages. Print.